From b5a790a03d4944b740a3b25f54e980042f4d3a4a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Aathithya Arasu S <142731071+Aathi-27@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Nov 2026 10:46:00 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 1/3] Prevent copying files to a directory destination

Added validation to ensure destination is not a directory.
---
 fs/osfs.py | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/fs/osfs.py b/fs/osfs.py
index 7a095f7f..925c4700 100644
--- a/fs/osfs.py
+++ b/fs/osfs.py
@@ -414,6 +414,9 @@ def _check_copy(self, src_path, dst_path, overwrite=False):
         # it's not allowed to copy a file onto itself
         if _src_path == _dst_path:
             raise errors.IllegalDestination(dst_path)
+        # the destination must name a file, not a containing directory
+        if self.isdir(_dst_path):
+            raise errors.FileExpected(dst_path)
         # check parent dir of _dst_path exists and is a directory
         if self.gettype(dirname(dst_path)) is not ResourceType.directory:
             raise errors.DirectoryExpected(dirname(dst_path))

From 0a33d13043ea0c062cadcb3bf419f319af4985c7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Aathithya Arasu S <142731071+Aathi-27@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Nov 2026 10:46:53 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 2/3] Reject directory destinations in OSFS.copy

---
 tests/test_osfs.py | 48 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 48 insertions(+)

diff --git a/tests/test_osfs.py b/tests/test_osfs.py
index c77016a9..b48a02e7 100644
--- a/tests/test_osfs.py
+++ b/tests/test_osfs.py
@@ -136,6 +136,54 @@ def test_copy_sendfile(self):
         with self.assertRaises(errors.DirectoryExpected):
             self.fs.copy("foo", "foo_copy/foo")
 
+    def test_copy_directory_destination(self):
+        self.fs.writebytes("source", b"NEW")
+        self.fs.makedir("destination")
+        with self.assertRaises(errors.FileExpected):
+            self.fs.copy("source", "destination", overwrite=True)
+        self.assertEqual(self.fs.listdir("destination"), [])
+
+    def test_copy_directory_preserves_nested_file(self):
+        from fs.copy import copy_file
+
+        self.fs.writebytes("source", b"NEW")
+        self.fs.makedir("destination")
+        self.fs.writebytes("destination/source", b"PRECIOUS")
+        with self.assertRaises(errors.FileExpected):
+            copy_file(self.fs, "source", self.fs, "destination")
+        self.assertEqual(self.fs.readbytes("destination/source"), b"PRECIOUS")
+
+    def test_copy_directory_error_precedence(self):
+        self.fs.writebytes("source", b"NEW")
+        self.fs.makedir("destination")
+        with self.assertRaises(errors.DestinationExists):
+            self.fs.copy("source", "destination")
+        with self.assertRaises(errors.ResourceNotFound):
+            self.fs.copy("missing", "destination", overwrite=True)
+        with self.assertRaises(errors.IllegalDestination):
+            self.fs.copy("source", "./source", overwrite=True)
+        with self.assertRaises(errors.FileExpected):
+            self.fs.copy("source", "/", overwrite=True)
+        self.assertEqual(self.fs.readbytes("source"), b"NEW")
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(os, "symlink"), "No symlink support")
+    def test_copy_directory_symlink(self):
+        self.fs.writebytes("source", b"NEW")
+        self.fs.makedir("destination")
+        self.fs.writebytes("destination/source", b"PRECIOUS")
+        os.symlink(self._get_real_path("destination"), self._get_real_path("alias"))
+        with self.assertRaises(errors.FileExpected):
+            self.fs.copy("source", "alias", overwrite=True)
+        self.assertEqual(self.fs.readbytes("destination/source"), b"PRECIOUS")
+
+    def test_check_copy_directory_before_copy_backend(self):
+        self.fs.writebytes("source", b"NEW")
+        self.fs.makedir("destination")
+        with mock.patch.object(osfs.shutil, "copy2") as copy2:
+            with self.assertRaises(errors.FileExpected):
+                self.fs.copy("source", "destination", overwrite=True)
+            copy2.assert_not_called()
+
     def test_create(self):
         """Test create=True"""
 

From 20e4923c499f8ad80d0c30100b0d3d9c8cdf224f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Aathithya Arasu S <142731071+Aathi-27@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Nov 2026 10:47:27 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 3/3] Reject directory destinations in OSFS.copy

---
 CHANGELOG.md | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index ef16734e..81d390bb 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](http://semver.org/).
   Closes [#459](https://github.com/PyFilesystem/pyfilesystem2/issues/459).
 
 ### Fixed
+- Reject directory destinations in `OSFS.copy` instead of copying into them.
+  Closes [#496](https://github.com/PyFilesystem/pyfilesystem2/issues/496).
 - Elaborated documentation of `filter_dirs` and `exclude_dirs` in `fs.walk.Walker`.
   Closes [#371](https://github.com/PyFilesystem/pyfilesystem2/issues/371).
 - Fixes a backward incompatibility where `fs.move.move_file` raises `DestinationExists`